ABC transporters are a family of proteins that play a crucial role in transporting various molecules across cell membranes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. These transporters use energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to move substances such as ions, sugars, lipids, and drugs across the cell membrane. ABC transporters are involved in many physiological processes, such as nutrient uptake, lipid metabolism, and drug resistance. Dysregulation of ABC transporters has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, cystic fibrosis, and neurodegenerative disorders. Researchers study ABC transporters to better understand their mechanisms of action, regulation, and potential for therapeutic targeting.